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The publication can be exported in the following formats: APA (American Psychological Association) reference format, IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) reference format, BibTeX and RIS.

Export Reference (APA) 
Esteves, A. (2021). Solidarity Economy in Portugal. Kolleg Europa.
Export Reference (IEEE) 
A. M. Esteves,  "Solidarity Economy in Portugal", in Kolleg Europa, Kassel, 2021
Export BibTeX 
@misc{esteves2021_1716167763554,
	author = "Esteves, A.",
	title = "Solidarity Economy in Portugal",
	year = "2021",
	url = "https://www.studienstiftung.de/kolleg-europa/"
}
Export RIS 
TY  - CPAPER
TI  - Solidarity Economy in Portugal
T2  - Kolleg Europa
AU  - Esteves, A.
PY  - 2021
CY  - Kassel
UR  - https://www.studienstiftung.de/kolleg-europa/
AB  - Evolution of the sector in Portugal
§ First cooperatives appeared in the second half of the 19th century, with strong
links to the labor movement. First law on cooperatives: 1867.
§ Cooperative sector boosted its relevance during the 1st Republic (1910-1926).
§ The sector was restricted and circumscribed to the agricultural sector during
the authoritarian regime (1926-74).
§ After the revolution of April 25th 1974, the cooperative sector gained a new
impulse. The new democratic constitution (1976) aimed to protect and support
the sector, especially in agriculture, housing and construction, social welfare.
However, many cooperatives did not survive the economic instability and
neoliberal turn of the 80’s and 90’s.
§ 2008-15 economic crisis: Many CLIs emerged as a response to precarity.
ER  -