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Serrão, A., Ferreira, C. & Custódio, L. (2015). Equity in five Mediterranean countries. In Pixel (Ed.), Conference Proceedings The future of education. Florence: Libreria Universitaria.

A. B. Serrão et al.,  "Equity in five Mediterranean countries", in Conf. Proc. The future of education, Pixel, Ed., Florence, Libreria Universitaria, 2015

@inproceedings{serrão2015_1713622441124,
	author = "Serrão, A. and Ferreira, C. and Custódio, L.",
	title = "Equity in five Mediterranean countries",
	booktitle = "Conference Proceedings The future of education",
	year = "2015",
	editor = "Pixel",
	volume = "",
	number = "",
	series = "",
	publisher = "Libreria Universitaria",
	address = "Florence",
	organization = ""
}

TY  - CPAPER
TI  - Equity in five Mediterranean countries
T2  - Conference Proceedings The future of education
AU  - Serrão, A.
AU  - Ferreira, C.
AU  - Custódio, L.
PY  - 2015
CY  - Florence
AB  - Public education systems ought to be equitable, ensuring equal opportunities to all students,
irrespective of the socioeconomic status of their families. This political desideratum is based upon, not only on ethical considerations, but also – and mainly – by the need of fostering economic development and progress. To develop, at maximum, the potential of each and every individual in a community, it is imperative to reduce human resource lost and, consequently, to improve wealth creation.
However, there exists the belief that the more equitable an education system is, the poorer it behaves in terms of learning standards. In fact, relevant empirical evidence points on the opposite direction: according to PISA – Programme for International Student Assessment, countries like Korea, Finland, Canada and Japan, “combine high average performance with equity and have a large proportion of top-performing students, which demonstrates that excellence and equity can go together”.
According to OECD, “Equity in education has two dimensions. The first is fairness, which implies
ensuring that personal and social circumstances – for example gender, socioeconomic status or ethnic origin – should not be an obstacle to achieving educational potential. The second is inclusion, which implies ensuring a basic minimum standard of education for all – for example that everyone should be able to read, write and do simple arithmetic.”.
The present research lies on the utilization of a set of indicators to encompass different factors and
sources of inequity. To understand these factors, four groups of students were identified, considering the economic, social and cultural status of their families (low or high) and the performance (low or high) they exhibit in the PISA mathematics tests (in 2003 and 2012), Taking into consideration the percentage of each one of these groups it is possible to perform a risk analysis (calculating relative risks, attributable risks, and odds ratio).
This research aims at improving the understanding of the factors which affect the performance of
education systems, in particular, those related with (i) unequal distribution of school resources, (ii)
differences between public and private schools, and (iii) dissimilar conditions between rural and urban schools. In this research a set of variables were selected and analysed in order to study three different levels of analysis: individual (gender, grade repetition, and immigrant status), family (economic, social and cultural status), and school (public/private, location, class size, and resources), for five Mediterranean countries.
ER  -