Background: The study aimed to assess nutritional intake and identify the main food sources contributing to nutrient inadequacy in the Portuguese population. Methods: This analysis includes data from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey, Portugal 2015-2016. Participants are a representative sample of individuals, aged between 3 months and 84 years, selected from the National Heath Registry, by multistage sampling. Following the guidelines of EU-Menu (EFSA), dietary intake was estimated by two non-consecutive days of food dairies in children (<10 years) or 24-hrs recalls for the other age groups. Specific software (eAT24) was developed, integrating the Portuguese food composition table to convert foods into nutrients. Nutritional inadequacy was assessed by comparison with EFSA dietary reference values (DRV). The intra-individual variability was removed by mixed effects models. Results: Contributions to daily energy intake (DEI): 20% protein, 49% carbohydrates (CH), 32% fat and 3.4% ethanol. The contribution of fat is higher in adolescents and adults, and the ethanol is higher in the elderly (8%). The inadequacy of CH was 33% (28% by deficit). Fat 15% below and 17% above DRV (20-35%). 15% of elderly women have a protein intake below the average requirement (AR). The contribution of sugars (mono+disaccharides) was 20%, and from these 37% were from added sugars. Added sugars >10% of DEI is 15%, higher in adolescents (31% male, 20% female). Sweets, Soft drinks were the highest contributors. The micronutrients with a larger proportion of the population below the AR are calcium, potassium and folate, with higher percentages in women and in the elderly. 66% of women and 86% of men have a sodium intake above the tolerable upper intake level. Bread, meat products, and salt from vegetable soup were the highest contributors. Conclusions: The identification of nutritional inadequacy and its main food contributors support countries in nutritional policy planning.

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• Ciências da Saúde - Ciências Médicas