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A publicação pode ser exportada nos seguintes formatos: referência da APA (American Psychological Association), referência do IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), BibTeX e RIS.

Exportar Referência (APA) 
Marchi, R. (2025). The rendering of the old far right/ the origin and formation of Chega. In  João Carvalho (Ed.), Chega: The new Portuguese far right. (pp. 15-28). London: Routledge.
Exportar Referência (IEEE) 
R. Marchi,  "The rendering of the old far right/ the origin and formation of Chega", in Chega: The new Portuguese far right,  João Carvalho, Ed., London, Routledge, 2025, pp. 15-28
Exportar BibTeX 
@incollection{marchi2025_1772187170143,
	author = "Marchi, R.",
	title = "The rendering of the old far right/ the origin and formation of Chega",
	chapter = "",
	booktitle = "Chega: The new Portuguese far right",
	year = "2025",
	volume = "",
	series = "Routledge studies in extremism and democracy",
	edition = "",
	pages = "15-15",
	publisher = "Routledge",
	address = "London",
	url = "https://www.routledge.com/Chega-The-New-Portuguese-Far-Right/Carvalho/p/book/9781041194446"
}
Exportar RIS 
TY  - CHAP
TI  - The rendering of the old far right/ the origin and formation of Chega
T2  - Chega: The new Portuguese far right
AU  - Marchi, R.
PY  - 2025
SP  - 15-28
DO  - 10.4324/9781003711827-2
CY  - London
UR  - https://www.routledge.com/Chega-The-New-Portuguese-Far-Right/Carvalho/p/book/9781041194446
AB  - In the first two decades of the 21st century, a fourth wave of radical right parties in Europe
has succeeded the three waves identified by Klaus von Beyme (1988). The latter were
formed by the neofascist parties founded in the immediate aftermath of the Second
World War by the defeated of 1945; the populist wave in the 1960s and 1970s that was
critic of the fiscal pressure caused by the growth of the welfare state; and the antiimmigration wave from the 1980s onwards. The former of the 21st century – the fourth
wave – is nowadays characterized by a marked Euroscepticism caused by
disenchantment with the European integration project, the relevance of Islamophobia as
a result of global terrorism, the rejection of anti-democratism and violent extremism
(Goodwin 2019: 108). In this recent context, radical populist right-wing parties have
consolidated and entered or supported national governments with center and right-wing
mainstream partners. These parties are no longer mere challenger or niche actors, since
they became institutionalized in their national party systems (Mudde 2016: 16). 
ER  -