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Export Reference (APA) 
Seabra, P., Carvalho, C. & Ribeiro, I. M. (2022). Introduction. Cadernos de Estudos Africanos. 44, 7-11
Export Reference (IEEE) 
P. N. Seabra et al.,  "Introduction", in Cadernos de Estudos Africanos, no. 44, pp. 7-11, 2022
Export BibTeX 
@null{seabra2022_1765843809732,
	year = "2022",
	url = "https://journals.openedition.org/cea/"
}
Export RIS 
TY  - GEN
TI  - Introduction
T2  - Cadernos de Estudos Africanos
AU  - Seabra, P.
AU  - Carvalho, C.
AU  - Ribeiro, I. M.
PY  - 2022
SP  - 7-11
SN  - 1645-3794
DO  - 10.4000/cea.7284
UR  - https://journals.openedition.org/cea/
AB  - Since the inception of the European Communities, Africa has been on the horizon for the development of foreign and diplomatic relations, largely due to European states’ will to maintain relations with former colonies and to exert some form of normative power (Haastrup, 2013). However, both the institutional
developments in practice and the study of European-African relations have been marked by an asymmetrical hierarchical relationship imbued with post-colonial characteristics. Reasons for this state of affairs are often attributed to Africa being a complex continent with more than fifty countries with porous and volatile border areas and differentiated relationships with both the European Union (EU) and its Member States. On the other hand, Europe is also made up of a myriad of different states with very different and oftentimes complex historical relationships with African countries.
ER  -