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Export Reference (APA) 
Marques, P., Benassi, C., Costa, A. & Pinto, A. (2025). Under which conditions do unions succeed in pushing back dualization? A configurational study of collective agreements in Portugal. British Journal of Industrial Relations. 63 (1), 133-155
Export Reference (IEEE) 
P. M. Marques et al.,  "Under which conditions do unions succeed in pushing back dualization? A configurational study of collective agreements in Portugal", in British Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 133-155, 2025
Export BibTeX 
@article{marques2025_1784667327096,
	author = "Marques, P. and Benassi, C. and Costa, A. and Pinto, A.",
	title = "Under which conditions do unions succeed in pushing back dualization? A configurational study of collective agreements in Portugal",
	journal = "British Journal of Industrial Relations",
	year = "2025",
	volume = "63",
	number = "1",
	doi = "10.1111/bjir.12837",
	pages = "133-155",
	url = "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/14678543"
}
Export RIS 
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Under which conditions do unions succeed in pushing back dualization? A configurational study of collective agreements in Portugal
T2  - British Journal of Industrial Relations
VL  - 63
IS  - 1
AU  - Marques, P.
AU  - Benassi, C.
AU  - Costa, A.
AU  - Pinto, A.
PY  - 2025
SP  - 133-155
SN  - 0007-1080
DO  - 10.1111/bjir.12837
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/14678543
AB  - This article explores the conditions under which unions achieve inclusive outcomes for nonstandard workers in their collective agreements. Using fsQCA, it compares 52 collective agreements signed in Portugal between 2003 and 2019. Additionally, it reports on three short case studies. Results show that the unions’ potential to mobilize resources in favour of outsiders is crucial and is due to either high union density or unions’ class-oriented ideology. However, although a high potential to mobilize resources is necessary, it is not sufficient for pro-outsider provisions in collective agreements. In a context of growing liberalization of industrial relations, unions only include these clauses in their collective agreements in one of the following circumstances: (i) the combination of high union density and sectoral growth, (ii) the combination of a class-oriented union signing the agreement and low employer density and (iii) the combination of high union density and a class-oriented union signing the agreement.
ER  -