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The publication can be exported in the following formats: APA (American Psychological Association) reference format, IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) reference format, BibTeX and RIS.

Export Reference (APA) 
Madureira, N. (2024). Energy transitions in Europe. In Alberte Martínez-López, Jesús Mirás-Araujo, Nuria Rodríguez-Martín (Ed.), Economic history of the European energy industry: Lighting up Western Europe, 19th to 21st centuries. (pp. 13-27). London: Taylor and Francis.
Export Reference (IEEE) 
N. L. Fernandes,  "Energy transitions in Europe", in Economic history of the European energy industry: Lighting up Western Europe, 19th to 21st centuries, Alberte Martínez-López, Jesús Mirás-Araujo, Nuria Rodríguez-Martín, Ed., London, Taylor and Francis, 2024, pp. 13-27
Export BibTeX 
@incollection{fernandes2024_1764913331505,
	author = "Madureira, N.",
	title = "Energy transitions in Europe",
	chapter = "",
	booktitle = "Economic history of the European energy industry: Lighting up Western Europe, 19th to 21st centuries",
	year = "2024",
	volume = "",
	series = "Routledge Explorations in Economic History",
	edition = "",
	pages = "13-13",
	publisher = "Taylor and Francis",
	address = "London",
	url = "https://www.routledge.com/Economic-History-of-the-European-Energy-Industry-Lighting-up-Western-Europe-19th-to-21st-centuries/Martinez-Lopez-Miras-Araujo-Rodriguez-Martin/p/book/9781032550343"
}
Export RIS 
TY  - CHAP
TI  - Energy transitions in Europe
T2  - Economic history of the European energy industry: Lighting up Western Europe, 19th to 21st centuries
AU  - Madureira, N.
PY  - 2024
SP  - 13-27
DO  - 10.4324/9781003428695-2
CY  - London
UR  - https://www.routledge.com/Economic-History-of-the-European-Energy-Industry-Lighting-up-Western-Europe-19th-to-21st-centuries/Martinez-Lopez-Miras-Araujo-Rodriguez-Martin/p/book/9781032550343
AB  - This chapter explains the diversity in energy transitions taking place in Europe between the eighteenth and twenty-first centuries. This thus demonstrates how Europe experienced two different transitions from the epoch-long solar energy regime to the coal-based regime. This also points out how the transition towards oil and natural gas differed completely from the previous transition to coal because it was swifter, overwhelming and led by a different group of nations. After the Second World War, the European split between a capitalist West and a communist East also imparted a division between oil and coal economies. What we may expect from the current transition to renewable energy accounts for the chapter’s closing theme.
ER  -