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Export Reference (APA) 
Gramaxo, P., Dias, Á., Abelha, M., Dutschke, G. & Seabra, F. (2025). Assessing school happiness: Development and validation of a measurement scale for parents/guardians. Frontiers in Education. 10
Export Reference (IEEE) 
P. Gramaxo et al.,  "Assessing school happiness: Development and validation of a measurement scale for parents/guardians", in Frontiers in Education, vol. 10, 2025
Export BibTeX 
@article{gramaxo2025_1764915220256,
	author = "Gramaxo, P. and Dias, Á. and Abelha, M. and Dutschke, G. and Seabra, F.",
	title = "Assessing school happiness: Development and validation of a measurement scale for parents/guardians",
	journal = "Frontiers in Education",
	year = "2025",
	volume = "10",
	number = "",
	doi = "10.3389/feduc.2025.1549751",
	url = "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/education"
}
Export RIS 
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Assessing school happiness: Development and validation of a measurement scale for parents/guardians
T2  - Frontiers in Education
VL  - 10
AU  - Gramaxo, P.
AU  - Dias, Á.
AU  - Abelha, M.
AU  - Dutschke, G.
AU  - Seabra, F.
PY  - 2025
SN  - 2504-284X
DO  - 10.3389/feduc.2025.1549751
UR  - https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/education
AB  - Introduction: Parents are one of the stakeholders in evaluating schools, and families’ perspectives about schools are increasingly acknowledged as essential to educational decision-making. However, little is known about how parents’ perspectives on school happiness can be assessed. This article proposes a model for evaluating school happiness as perceived by parents/guardians.
Methods: Data were obtained through questionnaires administered to 641 parents. The model was tested using structural equation modeling techniques.
Results: The results identified four main components: relationships and teachers’ characteristics (People), teaching practice (Process), learning/leisure balance (Process), and green school (Place).
Discussion: The article discusses the development and validation of an instrument that can be used with parents/caretakers as one of the means of assessing a school’s overall happiness level and identifying key aspects to improve a school’s level of happiness. Implications for future research on the evaluation of happy schools are also discussed.
ER  -