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Cai, Y., Matos, S. A., Mei, P., Felício, J. M., Fernandes, C. A., Costa, J....Zhang, S. (2025). Design of broadband low-profile transmitarrays at Ka-band with high-permittivity 3D-printed materials. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. 73 (11), 8972-8980

Y. Cai et al.,  "Design of broadband low-profile transmitarrays at Ka-band with high-permittivity 3D-printed materials", in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 73, no. 11, pp. 8972-8980, 2025

@article{cai2025_1768314292817,
	author = "Cai, Y. and Matos, S. A. and Mei, P. and Felício, J. M. and Fernandes, C. A. and Costa, J. and Zhang, S.",
	title = "Design of broadband low-profile transmitarrays at Ka-band with high-permittivity 3D-printed materials",
	journal = "IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation",
	year = "2025",
	volume = "73",
	number = "11",
	doi = "10.1109/TAP.2025.3597360",
	pages = "8972-8980",
	url = "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=8"
}

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Design of broadband low-profile transmitarrays at Ka-band with high-permittivity 3D-printed materials
T2  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
VL  - 73
IS  - 11
AU  - Cai, Y.
AU  - Matos, S. A.
AU  - Mei, P.
AU  - Felício, J. M.
AU  - Fernandes, C. A.
AU  - Costa, J.
AU  - Zhang, S.
PY  - 2025
SP  - 8972-8980
SN  - 0018-926X
DO  - 10.1109/TAP.2025.3597360
UR  - https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=8
AB  - Transmitarrays (TAs) are a cost-effective solution for millimeter-wave antenna applications. The widespread use of fully dielectric TAs (DTAs) emerges from the manufacturing simplicity brought by 3D printing. Previously reported DTAs employ readily available low-permittivity materials (?r < 3). However, this implementation implies thicker lenses (exceeding one free space wavelength, > ?0), affecting the DTA performance compared with thinner TA based on printed-circuit-board (PCB) technology. This work shows that, when properly crafted, 3D-printed high-permittivity dielectric (HPD) materials can solve this problem. The design challenge is to circumvent the free-space mismatch and narrowband responses usually associated with HPD materials. A commercially available HPD material compatible with 3D printing is used as an example to demonstrate the feasibility of this type of DTA. This study includes the in-house material characterization for the designed frequency (?r = 13.1 at 30 GHz). A HPD TA is benchmarked against a conventional PCB-based TA for evaluating the impact of HPD materials for the design of this type of TA. A HPD TA with a diameter of 14 ?0 (?0 is the wavelength at 30 GHz in free space) and a height of 0.4 ?0 (excluding the feed horn) is fabricated with the low-cost 3D printing method of fuse deposition modeling (FDM). When illuminated by a standard horn, the HPD TA antenna provides a 27.4 dBi gain, elevation scanning up to 45 degrees (through the horizontal displacement of the feed horn) with a scan loss of 2 dB and a 1-dB gain bandwidth of 16.3%.
ER  -