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Grassi, M., Talamini, F., Altoè, G., Brattico, E., Caclin, A., Carretti, B....Zappa, A. (2025). Do musicians have better short-term memory than nonmusicians? A multilab study. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science. 8 (4)

M. Grassi et al.,  "Do musicians have better short-term memory than nonmusicians? A multilab study", in Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, vol. 8, no. 4, 2025

@article{grassi2025_1777195630436,
	author = "Grassi, M. and Talamini, F. and Altoè, G. and Brattico, E. and Caclin, A. and Carretti, B. and Drai-Zerbib, V. and Ferreri, L. and Gambarota, F. and Grahn, J. and Fovino, L. G. N. and Roccato, M. and Rodriguez-Fornells, A. and Swaminathan, S. and Tillmann, B. and Vuust, P. and Wilbiks, J. and Zentner, M. and Aguilar, K. and Aryanto, C. B. and Leite, F. C. A.  and Baldé, A. M. and Başkent, D. and Bishop, L. and Kalsi, G. and Bouwer, F. L. and Calcus, A. and Carraturo, G. and Cepero-Escribano, V. and Čerič, A. and Criscuolo, A. and Dairain, L. and Dalla Bella, S. and Daniel, O. and Danielsen, A. and de Parcevaux, A.-I. and Dellacherie, D. and Endestad, T. and Fialho, J. L. d. B. and Fitzpatrick, C. and Fiveash, A. and Fortier, J. and Fram, N. R. and Fullone, E. and Gloggengießer, S. and Gonzalez Sanchez, L. and Gordon, R. L. and Groussard, M. and Habibi, A. and Hansen, H. M. U. and Harding, E. E. and Hawkins, K. and Herff, S. A. and Holma, V. P. and Jakubowski, K. and Jol, M. G. and Kalsi, A. and Kandro, V. and Kelo, R. and Kotz, S. A. and Ladegam, G. S. and Laeng, B. and Lee, A. and Lense, M. and Lima, C. F. and Limmer, S. P. and Liu, C. K. and Martín Sánchez, P. d. C. and McEntyre, L. and Michael, J. P. and Mirman, D. and Müllensiefen, D. and Najafi, N. and Nokkala, J. and Nzonlang, N. and Oliveira, M. G. M. and Overy, K. and Oxenham, A. J. and Passarotto, E. and Plasse, M.-E. and Platel, H. and Poissonnier, A. and Rajappa, N. and Ritchie, M. and Menezes, I. R. R. and Román-Caballero, R. and Roncaglia, P. and Sa’adullah, F. Y. and Saarikallio, S. and Sammler, D. and Samson, S. and Schellenberg, E. G. and Serres, N. R. and Slevc, L. R. and Souffiane, R.-N. and Strauch, F. J. and Strauss, H. and Tantengco, N. and Tervaniemi, M. and Thompson, R. and Timmers, R. and Toiviainen, P. and Trainor, L. J. and Tuske, C. and Villanueva, J. and von Bastian, C. C. and Whiteford, K. L. and Wood, E. A. and Worschech, F. and Zappa, A.",
	title = "Do musicians have better short-term memory than nonmusicians? A multilab study",
	journal = "Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science",
	year = "2025",
	volume = "8",
	number = "4",
	doi = "10.1177/25152459251379432",
	url = "https://journals.sagepub.com/home/AMP"
}

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Do musicians have better short-term memory than nonmusicians? A multilab study
T2  - Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
AU  - Grassi, M.
AU  - Talamini, F.
AU  - Altoè, G.
AU  - Brattico, E.
AU  - Caclin, A.
AU  - Carretti, B.
AU  - Drai-Zerbib, V.
AU  - Ferreri, L.
AU  - Gambarota, F.
AU  - Grahn, J.
AU  - Fovino, L. G. N.
AU  - Roccato, M.
AU  - Rodriguez-Fornells, A.
AU  - Swaminathan, S.
AU  - Tillmann, B.
AU  - Vuust, P.
AU  - Wilbiks, J.
AU  - Zentner, M.
AU  - Aguilar, K.
AU  - Aryanto, C. B.
AU  - Leite, F. C. A. 
AU  - Baldé, A. M.
AU  - Başkent, D.
AU  - Bishop, L.
AU  - Kalsi, G.
AU  - Bouwer, F. L.
AU  - Calcus, A.
AU  - Carraturo, G.
AU  - Cepero-Escribano, V.
AU  - Čerič, A.
AU  - Criscuolo, A.
AU  - Dairain, L.
AU  - Dalla Bella, S.
AU  - Daniel, O.
AU  - Danielsen, A.
AU  - de Parcevaux, A.-I.
AU  - Dellacherie, D.
AU  - Endestad, T.
AU  - Fialho, J. L. d. B.
AU  - Fitzpatrick, C.
AU  - Fiveash, A.
AU  - Fortier, J.
AU  - Fram, N. R.
AU  - Fullone, E.
AU  - Gloggengießer, S.
AU  - Gonzalez Sanchez, L.
AU  - Gordon, R. L.
AU  - Groussard, M.
AU  - Habibi, A.
AU  - Hansen, H. M. U.
AU  - Harding, E. E.
AU  - Hawkins, K.
AU  - Herff, S. A.
AU  - Holma, V. P.
AU  - Jakubowski, K.
AU  - Jol, M. G.
AU  - Kalsi, A.
AU  - Kandro, V.
AU  - Kelo, R.
AU  - Kotz, S. A.
AU  - Ladegam, G. S.
AU  - Laeng, B.
AU  - Lee, A.
AU  - Lense, M.
AU  - Lima, C. F.
AU  - Limmer, S. P.
AU  - Liu, C. K.
AU  - Martín Sánchez, P. d. C.
AU  - McEntyre, L.
AU  - Michael, J. P.
AU  - Mirman, D.
AU  - Müllensiefen, D.
AU  - Najafi, N.
AU  - Nokkala, J.
AU  - Nzonlang, N.
AU  - Oliveira, M. G. M.
AU  - Overy, K.
AU  - Oxenham, A. J.
AU  - Passarotto, E.
AU  - Plasse, M.-E.
AU  - Platel, H.
AU  - Poissonnier, A.
AU  - Rajappa, N.
AU  - Ritchie, M.
AU  - Menezes, I. R. R.
AU  - Román-Caballero, R.
AU  - Roncaglia, P.
AU  - Sa’adullah, F. Y.
AU  - Saarikallio, S.
AU  - Sammler, D.
AU  - Samson, S.
AU  - Schellenberg, E. G.
AU  - Serres, N. R.
AU  - Slevc, L. R.
AU  - Souffiane, R.-N.
AU  - Strauch, F. J.
AU  - Strauss, H.
AU  - Tantengco, N.
AU  - Tervaniemi, M.
AU  - Thompson, R.
AU  - Timmers, R.
AU  - Toiviainen, P.
AU  - Trainor, L. J.
AU  - Tuske, C.
AU  - Villanueva, J.
AU  - von Bastian, C. C.
AU  - Whiteford, K. L.
AU  - Wood, E. A.
AU  - Worschech, F.
AU  - Zappa, A.
PY  - 2025
SN  - 2515-2459
DO  - 10.1177/25152459251379432
UR  - https://journals.sagepub.com/home/AMP
AB  - Musicians are often regarded as a positive example of brain plasticity and associated cognitive benefits. This emerges when experienced musicians (e.g., musicians with more than 10 years of music training and practice) are compared with nonmusicians. A frequently observed behavioral finding is a short-term memory advantage of the former over the latter. Although available meta-analysis reported that the effect size of this advantage is medium (Hedges’s g = 0.5), no literature study was adequately powered to estimate reliably an effect of such size. This multilab study has been ideated, realized, and conducted in lab by several groups that have been working on this topic. Our ultimate goal was to provide a community-driven shared and reliable estimate of the musicians’ short-term memory advantage (if any) and set a method and a standard for future studies in neuroscience and psychology comparing musicians and nonmusicians. Thirty-three research units recruited a total of 600 experienced musicians and 600 nonmusicians, a number that is sufficiently large to estimate a small effect size (Hedges’s g = 0.3) with a high statistical power (i.e., 95%). Subsequently, we measured the difference in short-term memory for musical, verbal, and visuospatial stimuli. We also looked at cognitive, personality, and socioeconomic factors that might mediate the difference. Musicians had better short-term memory than nonmusicians for musical, verbal, and visuospatial stimuli with an effect size of, respectively, Hedges’s gs = 1.08 (95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.94, 1.22]; large), 0.16 (95% CI = [0.02 0.30]; very small), and 0.28 (95% CI = [0.15, 0.41]; small). This work sets the basis for sound research practices in studies comparing musicians and nonmusicians and contributes to the ongoing debate on the possible cognitive benefits of musical training.
ER  -