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A publicação pode ser exportada nos seguintes formatos: referência da APA (American Psychological Association), referência do IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), BibTeX e RIS.

Exportar Referência (APA) 
Goffredo Adinolfi (2025). The Rise of Mass Parties, Liberal Italy and the Fascist Dawn (1919-1924). Fascism at the Ballot Boxes (1918-1945).
Exportar Referência (IEEE) 
G. B. Adinolfi,  "The Rise of Mass Parties, Liberal Italy and the Fascist Dawn (1919-1924)", in Fascism at the Ballot Boxes (1918-1945), Bordeaux, 2025
Exportar BibTeX 
@misc{adinolfi2025_1768185648910,
	author = "Goffredo Adinolfi",
	title = "The Rise of Mass Parties, Liberal Italy and the Fascist Dawn (1919-1924)",
	year = "2025"
}
Exportar RIS 
TY  - CPAPER
TI  - The Rise of Mass Parties, Liberal Italy and the Fascist Dawn (1919-1924)
T2  - Fascism at the Ballot Boxes (1918-1945)
AU  - Goffredo Adinolfi
PY  - 2025
CY  - Bordeaux
AB  - This paper investigates the modalities and causal mechanisms behind the breakdown of Italy’s democratisation process between 1900 and 1924, treating it not as a sudden “collapse” but as a cumulative reconfiguration of competition, institutions, and expectations.  It combines a longue durée horizon with close attention to the expansion of suffrage and to electoral-law changes as institutional “filters” that could stabilise or destabilise mass participation.  A core long-run axis reconstructs the changing scale of representation in single-member districts from a politics of proximity (a few hundred effective voters) to a politics of reach, culminating in the 1913 watershed.    In parallel, the paper explicitly integrates the non-elective Senate—appointed for life by the King—showing how its institutional “impermeability” shaped the language and sensibility of democracy and suffrage.    Finally, using a scraped corpus of parliamentary sittings (1848–1943), it maps the evolving semantic fields of democracy and suffrage in both chambers across the long term. 
ER  -