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Moura, M., Zeferino, I., Jacques, T., Moleiro, C. & Martins, M. (2026). When voice and self diverge: Voice incongruence as a marker of expressive writing dynamics. 18th Congress of the European Federation of Sexology.

M. M. Moura et al.,  "When voice and self diverge: Voice incongruence as a marker of expressive writing dynamics", in 18th Congr. of the European Federation of Sexology, Lisboa, 2026

@misc{moura2026_1780866667716,
	author = "Moura, M. and Zeferino, I. and Jacques, T. and Moleiro, C. and Martins, M.",
	title = "When voice and self diverge: Voice incongruence as a marker of expressive writing dynamics",
	year = "2026",
	url = "https://europeansexologycongress.org/"
}

TY  - CPAPER
TI  - When voice and self diverge: Voice incongruence as a marker of expressive writing dynamics
T2  - 18th Congress of the European Federation of Sexology
AU  - Moura, M.
AU  - Zeferino, I.
AU  - Jacques, T.
AU  - Moleiro, C.
AU  - Martins, M.
PY  - 2026
CY  - Lisboa
UR  - https://europeansexologycongress.org/
AB  - Objective: In this study, we examined differences in voice experience, including voice incongruence 
and health, across transgender and cisgender individuals, considering both identity (cis vs. trans) and 
gender (women vs. men), as well as voice dysphoria in transgender men and women. We further 
explored whether transgender women constitute a distinct group with respect to voice experience 
and tested whether voice experience is associated with expressive writing dynamics beyond identity 
and gender. 
Design and Method: Seventy-five participants took part in this study (M age = 24.39 ± 5.87 years): 
20 transgender women, 16 transgender men, 20 cisgender women, and 19 cisgender men. 
Participants were recruited through clinical and community-based channels. Inclusion criteria were 
age between 18 and 45 years and native European Portuguese proficiency. Measures included 
questionnaires assessing sociodemographic, health, cognitive, and voice experience variables, and 
an expressive writing task focused on voice experience.  
Results: Transgender and cisgender participants differed in voice incongruence and health (ps < 
.001), and gender differences emerged only for voice incongruence (p < .001). A significant identity 
by gender interaction was found (p < .001). Planned contrasts showed that 
transgender women reported significantly higher voice incongruence than all other groups, as well 
as when compared specifically to cisgender women and transgender men (ps < .001). Within the 
transgender group, women reported higher voice dysphoria than men (p = .003). Writing dynamics 
varied as a function of voice incongruence: higher incongruence was associated with longer pauses 
(p = .025) and overall writing time (p = .042). No effects of identity or gender, nor their interaction, 
were found for writing dynamics. 
Conclusions: Voice incongruence emerges as a key experiential dimension distinguishing groups, 
particularly transgender women, and is reflected in the temporal organization of expressive writing.  
Writing behavior reflects subjective voice experience rather than categorical identity or gender 
alone.
ER  -