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Tormos, R., Vauclair, C.-M. & Dobewall, H. (2017). Does contextual change affect basic human values? A dynamic comparative multilevel analysis across 32 European countries. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 48 (4), 490-510

R. Tormos et al.,  "Does contextual change affect basic human values? A dynamic comparative multilevel analysis across 32 European countries", in Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 490-510, 2017

@article{tormos2017_1714847318573,
	author = "Tormos, R. and Vauclair, C.-M. and Dobewall, H.",
	title = "Does contextual change affect basic human values? A dynamic comparative multilevel analysis across 32 European countries",
	journal = "Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology",
	year = "2017",
	volume = "48",
	number = "4",
	doi = "10.1177/0022022117692675",
	pages = "490-510",
	url = "http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0022022117692675"
}

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Does contextual change affect basic human values? A dynamic comparative multilevel analysis across 32 European countries
T2  - Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
VL  - 48
IS  - 4
AU  - Tormos, R.
AU  - Vauclair, C.-M.
AU  - Dobewall, H.
PY  - 2017
SP  - 490-510
SN  - 0022-0221
DO  - 10.1177/0022022117692675
UR  - http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0022022117692675
AB  - This article examines the relationship of stable contextual differences and contextual change with the endorsement of Schwartz’s (1992) two basic value dimensions—Openness-to-Change versus Conservation and Self-Enhancement versus Self-Transcendence. Using six waves of the European Social Survey, an extension of multilevel analysis is used which combines both a cross-national comparative and a dynamic analysis of values. The hierarchical data structure and the covariates for value endorsement are defined at three distinct levels: a first level for individuals (with sociodemographic variables, such as age and gender), a second level for country-waves (with time-varying covariates), and a third level for country (with time-invariant covariates). The main aim is to determine if changes in contextual covariates over time are related to value differences between countries over and above contextual time-invariant covariates. High national wealth and low income inequality predicted high Self-Transcendence values and low Conservation values. Low national unemployment rates were associated with less conservatism. When entered simultaneously into the model, only time-invariant differences in gross domestic product (GDP) remained to be a significant predictor of Schwartz’s two basic value dimensions. Finally, we found that an increase in income inequality over time has a certain incremental effect on the endorsement of Conservation over Openness-to-Change values. There were no associations for changes in national wealth and unemployment rates, suggesting that for value endorsement, time-varying contextual effects are less important overall than time-invariant contextual effects.
ER  -