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Export Reference (APA) 
Gama, A. P. M., Duarte, F. D. & Esperança, J. P. (2017). Why discouraged borrowers exist? An empirical (re)examination from less developed countries. Emerging Markets Review. 33, 19-41
Export Reference (IEEE) 
A. P. Gama et al.,  "Why discouraged borrowers exist? An empirical (re)examination from less developed countries", in Emerging Markets Review, vol. 33, pp. 19-41, 2017
Export BibTeX 
@article{gama2017_1766305120152,
	author = "Gama, A. P. M. and Duarte, F. D. and Esperança, J. P.",
	title = "Why discouraged borrowers exist? An empirical (re)examination from less developed countries",
	journal = "Emerging Markets Review",
	year = "2017",
	volume = "33",
	number = "",
	doi = "10.1016/j.ememar.2017.08.003",
	pages = "19-41",
	url = "https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/emerging-markets-review"
}
Export RIS 
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Why discouraged borrowers exist? An empirical (re)examination from less developed countries
T2  - Emerging Markets Review
VL  - 33
AU  - Gama, A. P. M.
AU  - Duarte, F. D.
AU  - Esperança, J. P.
PY  - 2017
SP  - 19-41
SN  - 1566-0141
DO  - 10.1016/j.ememar.2017.08.003
UR  - https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/emerging-markets-review
AB  - Using the fourth-round database of the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (2008/09 BEEPS), this study examines the determinants of discouragement in less developed countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The results show that whereas firms' opaqueness, demographic factors, and distance between lenders and borrowers better explain the discouragement due to tough loan prices and/or loan application procedures, firm risk and banking concentration explain the incidence of discouraged borrowers due to the fear of rationing. Innovator status, the legal protection of creditors and lenders in the event of default, and the coverage of information sharing instruments help explain discouragement in a transversal way.
ER  -