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White, M. P., Elliott, L. R., Grellier, J., Economou, T., Bell, S., Bratman, G. N....Fleming, L. E. (2021). Associations between green/blue spaces and mental health across 18 countries. Scientific Reports. 11

M. P. White et al.,  "Associations between green/blue spaces and mental health across 18 countries", in Scientific Reports, vol. 11, 2021

@article{white2021_1731965041310,
	author = "White, M. P. and Elliott, L. R. and Grellier, J. and Economou, T. and Bell, S. and Bratman, G. N. and Cirach, M. and Gascon, M. and Lima, M. L. and Lõhmus, M. and Nieuwenhuijsen, M. and Ojala, A. and Roiko, A. and Schultz, P. W. and van den Bosch, M. A. and Fleming, L. E.",
	title = "Associations between green/blue spaces and mental health across 18 countries",
	journal = "Scientific Reports",
	year = "2021",
	volume = "11",
	number = "",
	doi = "10.1038/s41598-021-87675-0",
	url = "https://www.nature.com/srep/about"
}

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Associations between green/blue spaces and mental health across 18 countries
T2  - Scientific Reports
VL  - 11
AU  - White, M. P.
AU  - Elliott, L. R.
AU  - Grellier, J.
AU  - Economou, T.
AU  - Bell, S.
AU  - Bratman, G. N.
AU  - Cirach, M.
AU  - Gascon, M.
AU  - Lima, M. L.
AU  - Lõhmus, M.
AU  - Nieuwenhuijsen, M.
AU  - Ojala, A.
AU  - Roiko, A.
AU  - Schultz, P. W.
AU  - van den Bosch, M. A.
AU  - Fleming, L. E.
PY  - 2021
SN  - 2045-2322
DO  - 10.1038/s41598-021-87675-0
UR  - https://www.nature.com/srep/about
AB  - Living near, recreating in, and feeling psychologically connected to, the natural world are all
associated with better mental health, but many exposure-related questions remain. Using data
from an 18-country survey (n= 16,307) we explored associations between multiple measures of
mental health (positive well-being, mental distress, depression/anxiety medication use) and: (a)
exposures (residential/recreational visits) to diferent natural settings (green/inland-blue/coastalblue spaces); and (b) nature connectedness, across season and country. People who lived in greener/
coastal neighbourhoods reported higher positive well-being, but this association largely disappeared
when recreational visits were controlled for. Frequency of recreational visits to green, inland-blue,
and coastal-blue spaces in the last 4 weeks were all positively associated with positive well-being
and negatively associated with mental distress. Associations with green space visits were relatively
consistent across seasons and countries but associations with blue space visits showed greater
heterogeneity. Nature connectedness was also positively associated with positive well-being and
negatively associated with mental distress and was, along with green space visits, associated with
a lower likelihood of using medication for depression. By contrast inland-blue space visits were
associated with a greater likelihood of using anxiety medication. Results highlight the benefts of
multi-exposure, multi-response, multi-country studies in exploring complexity in nature-health
associations.
ER  -