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Export Reference (APA) 
Espírito-Santo, A. & Carvalho, J. (2022). Gender and attitudes towards immigrants: Exploring threat perceptions. In Cameron Anderson, Mathieu Turgeon (Ed.), Comparative public opinion. London: Routledge.
Export Reference (IEEE) 
A. C. Santo and J. M. Carvalho,  "Gender and attitudes towards immigrants: Exploring threat perceptions", in Comparative public opinion, Cameron Anderson, Mathieu Turgeon, Ed., London, Routledge, 2022
Export BibTeX 
@incollection{santo2022_1716109951475,
	author = "Espírito-Santo, A. and Carvalho, J.",
	title = "Gender and attitudes towards immigrants: Exploring threat perceptions",
	chapter = "",
	booktitle = "Comparative public opinion",
	year = "2022",
	volume = "",
	series = "",
	edition = "",
	publisher = "Routledge",
	address = "London",
	url = "https://www.routledge.com/Comparative-Public-Opinion/Anderson-Turgeon/p/book/9780367640606"
}
Export RIS 
TY  - CHAP
TI  - Gender and attitudes towards immigrants: Exploring threat perceptions
T2  - Comparative public opinion
AU  - Espírito-Santo, A.
AU  - Carvalho, J.
PY  - 2022
DO  - 10.4324/9781003121992
CY  - London
UR  - https://www.routledge.com/Comparative-Public-Opinion/Anderson-Turgeon/p/book/9780367640606
AB  - Throughout the years, great attention has been paid to the gender gap in political attitudes. Whereas the differences reported by scholars are not large, they are not negligible either. Consequently, the literature highlights the divergent preferences of women and men regarding such issues as public welfare spending and punishment, not to mention issues that particularly affect women, such as gender quotas. Yet, there are many political topics in which there is a lack of stable trends regarding gender effects. This seems to be the case with attitudes toward immigration. 
This chapter aims to enhance our understanding of the effects of gender on public attitudes toward immigrants. It provides a comprehensive literature review of the topic, complemented by a brief empirical analysis of nine countries. In line with previous studies, the tendency for women (vis-à-vis men) to perceive immigrants as a hindrance to the economy is corroborated. By contrast, women seem to be less concerned about immigration’s impact on crime –which is a less steady output in the literature. The broadly hinted propensity of women to positively appraise immigrants’ influence on their countries’ culture is not confirmed, proving that the relationship between gender and attitudes toward immigrants is complex and multifaceted.

ER  -