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Export Reference (APA) 
Matos, L., Água, J., Sinval, J., Park, C. L., Indart, M. J. & Leal, I. (2022). Assessing meaning violations in Syrian refugees: A mixed-methods cross-cultural adaptation of the GMVS-ArabV. Journal of Traumatic Stress. 35 (4), 1201-1214
Export Reference (IEEE) 
L. Matos et al.,  "Assessing meaning violations in Syrian refugees: A mixed-methods cross-cultural adaptation of the GMVS-ArabV", in Journal of Traumatic Stress, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 1201-1214, 2022
Export BibTeX 
@article{matos2022_1716044680218,
	author = "Matos, L. and Água, J. and Sinval, J. and Park, C. L. and Indart, M. J. and Leal, I.",
	title = "Assessing meaning violations in Syrian refugees: A mixed-methods cross-cultural adaptation of the GMVS-ArabV",
	journal = "Journal of Traumatic Stress",
	year = "2022",
	volume = "35",
	number = "4",
	doi = "10.1002/jts.22819",
	pages = "1201-1214",
	url = "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15736598"
}
Export RIS 
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Assessing meaning violations in Syrian refugees: A mixed-methods cross-cultural adaptation of the GMVS-ArabV
T2  - Journal of Traumatic Stress
VL  - 35
IS  - 4
AU  - Matos, L.
AU  - Água, J.
AU  - Sinval, J.
AU  - Park, C. L.
AU  - Indart, M. J.
AU  - Leal, I.
PY  - 2022
SP  - 1201-1214
SN  - 0894-9867
DO  - 10.1002/jts.22819
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15736598
AB  - Refugees are disproportionately affected by extreme trauma events capable of violating core beliefs and life goals, (i.e., global meaning), and causing significant distress. This mixed-methods study used an exploratory sequential design to assess meaning violations in a sample of Syrian refugees living in Portugal. For this purpose, we cross-culturally adapted the Global Meaning Violations Scale (GMVS) for use with Arabic-speaking refugees. Forty-three war-exposed Syrian adults participated in the two-phase study. Participants completed measures of trauma and narrated violations as they filled-out the newly-adapted GMVS-ArabV. GMVS-ArabV validity evidence based on response processes was investigated through Phase 1 Focus Groups (FG; n = 2), whereas data from Phase 2 cognitive interviews (n = 38) were used to preliminarily explored internal structure through descriptive statistics, and culture- and trauma-informed content evidence through thematic analysis. Results suggested highest goal (M = 3.51; SD = 1.46) and lowest belief (M = 3.47; SD = 1.54) violations of educational goals and religious beliefs, respectively. Themes related to stressors, item formulation, response scale, and the global meaning construct suggested that: beliefs and goals can be differentially violated by different stressors; much like war trauma, including torture, daily stressors can additionally shatter pre-trauma global meaning; and refugees reappraise meaning and suffer violations anew throughout migration journeys. The GMVS-ArabV is a promising tool for exploring shattered cognitions in refugees and informs evidence-based approaches to trauma recovery and psychological adjustment in post-migration settings. 
ER  -