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Hinrichs, K., Hoeks, J., Campos, L., Guedes, D., Godinho, C., Matos, M....Graça, J. (2022). Why so defensive? Negative affect and gender differences in defensiveness toward plant-based diets. Food Quality and Preference. 102

K. Hinrichs et al.,  "Why so defensive? Negative affect and gender differences in defensiveness toward plant-based diets", in Food Quality and Preference, vol. 102, 2022

@article{hinrichs2022_1715512555871,
	author = "Hinrichs, K. and Hoeks, J. and Campos, L. and Guedes, D. and Godinho, C. and Matos, M. and Graça, J.",
	title = "Why so defensive? Negative affect and gender differences in defensiveness toward plant-based diets",
	journal = "Food Quality and Preference",
	year = "2022",
	volume = "102",
	number = "",
	doi = "10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104662",
	url = "https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/food-quality-and-preference"
}

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Why so defensive? Negative affect and gender differences in defensiveness toward plant-based diets
T2  - Food Quality and Preference
VL  - 102
AU  - Hinrichs, K.
AU  - Hoeks, J.
AU  - Campos, L.
AU  - Guedes, D.
AU  - Godinho, C.
AU  - Matos, M.
AU  - Graça, J.
PY  - 2022
SN  - 0950-3293
DO  - 10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104662
UR  - https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/food-quality-and-preference
AB  - Evidence consistently shows that men (compared to women) tend to be more attached to meat consumption, less willing to follow plant-based diets, and overall more likely to express defensiveness toward plant-based eating. This study expands knowledge on the meat-masculinity link, by examining whether negative affect toward plant-based eating helps explain why these gender differences occur. Young consumers (N = 1130, 40.4% male, aged 20–35 years, USA) watched a video message promoting plant-based diets and completed a survey with three relevant expressions of defensiveness toward plant-based eating, namely threat construal, psychological reactance, and moral disengagement. Exposure to the messages did not impact gender differences in defensiveness compared to a control condition. Nonetheless, male consumers scored higher than female consumers in all measures of defensiveness (irrespective of experimental manipulation), with negative affect toward plant-based eating partly or fully mediating the associations between gender and defensiveness. Overall, these findings suggest that: (a) male defensiveness toward plant-based eating may be partly explained by negative affect, which is linked to a greater tendency to perceive reduced meat consumption as a threat and a limitation to one's freedom, and an increased propensity to deploy moral disengagement strategies such as pro-meat rationalizations; but (b) exposure to communication products promoting plant-based diets does not necessarily heighten male defensiveness toward plant-based eating (i.e., this study found no evidence of a “boomerang effect”). Future research on the topic could test whether affect-focused strategies may help decrease defensiveness to plant-based eating.
ER  -