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Miranda, S., Gouveia, C., Di Fatima, B. & Antunes, A. (2024). Hate speech on social media: behaviour of Portuguese football fans on Facebook. Soccer and Society. 25 (1), 76-91
S. M. Miranda et al., "Hate speech on social media: behaviour of Portuguese football fans on Facebook", in Soccer and Society, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 76-91, 2024
@article{miranda2024_1730820023723, author = "Miranda, S. and Gouveia, C. and Di Fatima, B. and Antunes, A.", title = "Hate speech on social media: behaviour of Portuguese football fans on Facebook", journal = "Soccer and Society", year = "2024", volume = "25", number = "1", doi = "10.1080/14660970.2023.2230452", pages = "76-91", url = "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14660970.2023.2230452" }
TY - JOUR TI - Hate speech on social media: behaviour of Portuguese football fans on Facebook T2 - Soccer and Society VL - 25 IS - 1 AU - Miranda, S. AU - Gouveia, C. AU - Di Fatima, B. AU - Antunes, A. PY - 2024 SP - 76-91 SN - 1466-0970 DO - 10.1080/14660970.2023.2230452 UR - https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14660970.2023.2230452 AB - This article examines how Facebook is shaping the nature of hate speech. The observation field is the Facebook pages of the 18 Portuguese football clubs of the Portuguese League – the main professional competition in the country. Data extraction was performed automatically via Facebook Graph API in the first three months of the 2020/2021 season. The analysed dataset has 5,192 publications and 276,231 fan comments, which registered over 5 million reactions (like, haha, love, sad, wow, etc.). The findings reveal that the volume of hate speech material on Facebook pages has a low incidence. In any case, the most significant comments are racists, xenophobes, and regional antagonisms. These cases are also the ones that have attracted the most reactions from fans. ER -