As cloud deployments are becoming ubiquitous, the rapid adoption of this new paradigm may potentially bring additional cyber security issues. It is crucial that practitioners and researchers pose questions about the current state of cloud deployment security. By better understanding existing vulnerabilities, progress towards a more secure cloud can be accelerated. This is of paramount importance especially with more and more critical infrastructures moving to the cloud, where the consequences of a security incident can be significantly broader. This study presents a data-centric approach to security research – by using three static code analysis tools and scraping the internet for publicly available codebases, a footprint of the current state of open-source infrastructure-as-code repositories can be achieved. Out of the scraped 44485 repository links, the study is concentrated on 8256 repositories from the same cloud provider, across which 292538 security violations have been collected. Our contributions consist of: understanding on existing security vulnerabilities of cloud deployments, contributing a list of Top Guidelines for practitioners to follow to securely deploy systems in the cloud, and providing the raw data for further studies.

Maria Pinto-Albuqueque thanks the Instituto Universitário de Lisboa and ISTAR for their support. Ulrike Lechner acknowledges partial funding of this work in project LIONS by dtec.bw.

Cloud,Security,Industry,Critical infrastructures,Awareness,Infrastructure as code,Terraform,Secure coding

• Mathematics - Natural Sciences
• Computer and Information Sciences - Natural Sciences

Best paper award.

This publication is an output of the following project(s):

• Alternative Shaper
• Impact of Blockchains and Decentralised Ledger Technologies