Fuchs (2014) considers digital work to be a specific form of work that includes a wide variety of activities in which there are deeply degraded labour relations, embodied in the precariousness of employment, working conditions and social rights and the existence of a growing info-proletariat (Antunes and Braga, 2009; Huws, 2014). For Antunes (2020, 2023), societies are ‘uberising’. Faced to this situation, forms of individual and collective resistance have emerged among workers, using several repertoires of action (Tilly, 2006). The aim of this communication is to analyse the collective action that has been taking place in this sector in Portugal, something that was thought to be unthinkable not so long ago. A particular focus will be given to contact centres and digital platform workers. Collective action is taking place in a country where it is low, as evidenced by the annual number of strikes and striking workers, and where union density is also low - 15.3% overall in 2016 (OECD Stats), and 7.4% in the private sector in 2022 (GEP, 2024) - what increases its relevance. Among the repertoires of action are strikes at several contact centres, including the one that took place very recently at the multinational Teleperformance, slow marches by TVDE (Transport in De-characterised Vehicles) drivers, or the recent stoppages of work by food delivery workers. In the case of the contact centres, where unions have already managed to penetrate, we will focus our analysis on the contact centre of an energy company, highlighting the importance of the style of union leadership in triggering collective action aiming to increase wages and improve working conditions. In the case of digital platforms, where unions, particularly among TVDE drivers, have achieved very tenuous results in organising a category of workers that is ‘hard-to-organise’ (Molina & Guardiancich, 2018), given its specific characteristics, such as the strong racialisation that exists especially in Lisbon, we will analyse the recent stoppages of food delivery workers, organised by movements such as “Estafetas em Luta” and “Estafetas Unidos”, where the demands that were made do not include the one aiming the establishment of an employment contract, what is in line with the conclusions of the study carried out by Festi (2024) in Brasilia. Observation techniques we have used included documentary analysis, mainly documents produced on the social media by virtual unions and other workers' movements, as well as semi-directive interviews with workers and union leaders and activists.

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