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Between “plain architecture” and baroque architecture: a facade model of the churches of São Miguel in the Azores
Book Title
Contemporary Approaches in Urbanism and Heritage Studies
Year (definitive publication)
2023
Language
English
Country
Turkey
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Abstract
There is a post-Kublerlian historiography, as Senos (2012) rightly alludes to, which has been refined and
debated over the last few years by various authors, such as Correia (1986, 2002), Gomes (2007) and Sousa
(1990).
George Kubler (1972) played a fundamental role in developing the concept of “plain architecture” and
drawing attention to its design and morphology. For many years, several pieces of Portuguese architecture
were ignored by European history, as they did not fit into the Renaissance, Mannerist, and Baroque styles. Thus
Kubler (1972) when creating this category of “plain architecture” selected a set of churches through their
architectural tendencies. Making them visible to the eyes of historiography (Senos, 2012), characterizing them
in buildings of strict shapes, and rational and sober exteriors, with evident proportions, clarity, order, and
simplicity. It is recognized as vernacular architecture (Kubler, 1972).
However, Azorean religious architecture remains on the sidelines of this interpretation, despite the
scientific studies made by Sousa (1990), Caldas (2011, 2012, 2018, 2018a), and Vieira (2019, 2022) on this
topic. The present study includes the religious architecture of the Azores in the national historiography,
presenting an analysis of the design of the facades and plans of a specific group of churches built in the 18th
and 19th centuries, highlighting the existence of a typology of facade and plan on the island of São Miguel.
This article reveals a temporal disarticulation between the design of the plan and the facade of these
churches, corresponding to a type of plan inserted in one of the first phases of "plain architecture" (16th
century) with a facade of Baroque ornamentation (17th-18th century).
Acknowledgements
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