The Italian Social Republic (Repubblica Sociale Italiana – RSI also known as Repubblica di Salò) was founded at the end of September 1943 in the aftermath of the liberation of Benito Mussolini. For the fascists the RSI represent for the first time the paradoxical possibility to build up a regime outside any kind of compromise with both the liberal regime and the Monarchy. The ideological Manifesto of the republic is approved by the also renewed Republican Fascist Party (Partito Fascista Repubblicano – PFR) at Verona soon in 1943 alongside with an entirely reformed constitution. However, the new fundamental chart elaborated by Carlo Alberto Biggini will be approved. The aim of the chapter is to analyse the Institutional development of the Repubblica di Salò and its main ideological references, underlining its effective powers and main differences with the previous fascist regime. The Repubblica di Salò (1943-1945) cannot be considered merely as a continuation of the Fascist Regime (1922-1943) since its political formal constitution was entirely conceived on a different structure.

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