After the wave of climate mobilizations, the EU launched the 'Green Deal,' committing to a 55% reduction in net Green House Gas Emissions by 2030 and net zero emissions by 2050. However, various crises in the following years, most recently the geopolitical crisis following the Russian attack on Ukraine and the related energy security concerns have influenced policies supporting alternative fossil fuels, challenging the 'Green Deal' implementation and potentially overshadowing climate goals. This panel provides a comparative analysis of political, administrative and societal reactions at the EU and national level. The papers included emphasize various implementation challenges related to the European Green Deal in light of the consecutive crises and point to the multi-level dynamics in EU energy policy using longitudinal, comparative and single case study focused methodologies.

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Energy Policy,Renewable Energy,Climate Policy,Crisis,European Green Deal,Environmental Policy