This research focuses on the health programs against Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), in Angola from 1900s to the present day. The incidence of this neglected disease, commonly know as sleeping sickness, in Angola has not been object of study by social sciences, something this research intends overcome. This study follows previous work carried out on the anti-sleeping sickness campaigns of the Diamond Company of Angola (Diamang) 1917-1975, and the call by the Africanist Frederick Cooper and the anthropologist Ann Stoler to unveil the colonial legacy in idioms of health and disease and access to health care in contemporary populations. (Varanda, 2001,2004, 2007; Cooper and Stoler, 1997) To achieve such goals this study is intended to be interdisciplinary, drawing on illustrations feeding on history of medicine, epidemiological characterisations and anthropological problematisations. The diachronic trait underpinning this study, together with the analytical attention devoted to the several levels at play - from metropolis/global to local, from legislation and programs to medical practices, from the colonial imposition of biomedicine and post-independence public health measures to tensions, negotiations and responses, and the locals' representations on disease vector (tsetse fly) and HAT neurological effects on the patients behavior - provides a fertile ground for elaborating on the continuities and ruptures between the two contexts, colonial and post-independence. Of the two sub-species of trypanosomes infecting humans this project centers its attention on the incidence of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, which causes the more chronic form of the disease and if untreated it kills within 2 or 3 years. The first case of HAT reported in Angola dates back to 1870, while the first mission to study to 1901. The disease spread to affect over ten thousands of people by the 1940s . A specialized state service was created to tackle HAT and slowly reversed this dantesque pictur...