Portugal has been virtually absent from the vibrant and international debate on the roots and determinants of health inequalities in the 19th and 20th centuries. The few studies conducted on death causes have been based on aggregated data with small territorial disaggregation, focusing on the period after 1920, when the ICD was already implemented. Therefore, we lack a micro-analytical and intergenerational approach to understand to what extent – and how far – individuals' geographic origin, their socio-economic conditions, and public health policies contributed to their longevity. The city of Oporto, a major port city in northern Portugal, is particularly interesting due to its migratory history, with individuals returning from various parts of the Portuguese empire (notably the so-called "Brazilians"), as well as foreigners, such as Galicians and even the British. Furthermore, it is a relevant case study in the European context, as it sheds light on the process of consolidation and development of Liberalism in more peripheral countries (such as Portugal, Romania or Spain, only to mention a few), whose gap with leading countries began to widen precisely in the second half of the 19th century. The empirical data collected for this project is based on burial certificates available online for the entire Porto municipality. These are nominative sources with information on individuals' parentage, profession, place of birth, place of death, and cause of death (coded according to official nomenclatures), totaling approximately 4 million deaths. A team formed by researchers from the GREAT LEAP network affiliated in Portugal and a group of undergraduate and graduate students from Iscte's history program is already engaged in this exciting research.

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