Portugal experienced an unusually intense electoral cycle between 2024 and 2026, punctuated by two snap legislative elections following presidential dissolutions of parliament (March 2024 and May 2025). This cycle also included European Parliament (EP) elections in June 2024 and local contests in October 2025 and concluded with the two-round presidential election in January and February 2026. For residents of the autonomous regions of the Azores and Madeira, three additional elections took place. Two concerned the Madeiran parliament (May 2024 and March 2025), and one in the Azores (February 2024). At the national parliamentary level, this hectic electoral calendar brought about significant changes in the balance of power between the Socialist Party (Partido Socialista; PS) and the Social Democratic Party (Partido Social Democrata; PSD), which ran in coalition with the conservative CDS–People's Party (CDS–Partido Popular; CDS-PP) under the labels AD–Aliança Democrática (AD-Democratic Alliance) in 2024 and AD–Coligação PSD/CDS-PP (AD-PSD/CDS-PP Coalition) in 2025. PS, which had previously held a parliamentary majority, suffered substantial electoral losses, paving the way for the formation of a minority AD government in 2024, subsequently confirmed in the 2025 election.

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• Economia e Gestão - Ciências Sociais
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