Artificial Intelligence (AI) is no longer just a tool that supports human decisions. It is becoming an active participant in the economy, one that negotiates, transacts, and coordinates autonomously with other AI agents at a speed and scale that no human organisation can match. This shift, from AI as assistant to AI as autonomous economic actor, represents one of the most significant innovations in how organisations operate, compete, and create value. Yet this innovation is outpacing governance. As AI agents increasingly interact with each other rather than with people, organisations are deploying autonomous systems without fully understanding when those systems should act independently, when they should defer, and when they should escalate to human oversight. Without answers to these questions, the promise of AI-driven innovation carries substantial and poorly managed risk.

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Agentic AI,Supply Chain Resilience,Trust,Autonomy,Agent-to-Agent Economy,Innovation

• Ciências da Computação e da Informação - Ciências Naturais
• Engenharia Eletrotécnica, Eletrónica e Informática - Engenharia e Tecnologia