Europe at a Crossroads: Leveraging a Global Gateway and Belt and Road connection as a response to US Trade Pressures
Event Title
Europe as a global actor 2025
Year (definitive publication)
2025
Language
English
Country
Portugal
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Abstract
Europe is at a turning point as global trade tensions reshape its economic and strategic landscape. The Global Gateway Initiative (GGI), the EU’s ambitious response to global infrastructure challenges, offers a unique opportunity to collaborate rather than compete with China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). As the US-EU relationship suffers from tensions over trade policies, NATO commitments, and tariff disputes, China remains the EU’s second largest trading partner for goods after the United States, with bilateral trade reaching €739 billion in 2023. It raises then, the question of How can Europe balance the Global Gateway Initiative and China’s Belt and Road Initiative to maximize economic and geopolitical benefits amid the US Trade Pressures? To answer the question, our research conducted an analysis divided in two parts: The first one consisted on a Content Analysis of EU documents on Global Gateway; China’s documents regarding the advance of the BRI in Europe, present on the Belt and Road Portal and the Belt and Road Forum for international cooperation, and the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership. The second part, consisted of a Trade Data Analysis to analyze EU trade shifts with China and the US, and to compare infrastructure investment flows between Global Gateway and BRI projects in Europe. A coordination where The Global Gateway and the Belt and Road Initiative align could prove itself beneficial by allowing the EU to diversify its trade relationships, making it less vulnerable to US new trade policies, shaping BRI project to align with EU values and enhancing Europe’s influence in Eurasian trade routes, ensuring its companies benefit from expanding markets.
Acknowledgements
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Funding Records
| Funding Reference | Funding Entity |
|---|---|
| https://doi.org/10.54499/PRT/BD/154375/2023 | -- |
Português