Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems (LAWS) have emerged as one of the most significant advancements in military technology, leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning to execute missions without direct human control. As these systems become central to modern warfare, they raise critical questions about their compliance with International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and International Human Rights Law (IHRL). This paper delves into the legal and ethical debates surrounding LAWS with particular attention to the discussions within the Group of Governmental Experts on LAWS (GGE on LAWS). We analyze whether these technologies can adhere to fundamental human rights while maintaining their operational efficacy. Through the application of the Autonomy Spectrum Framework to real-world scenarios, the study highlights both the strategic advantages of LAWS and the risks of dehumanizing warfare. The need for robust legal frameworks to ensure accountability and human oversight remains paramount.

This study received funding from the European Union Next Generation EU-National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP) – Mission 4 Component 2, Investment No. 1.2 – CUP No. H73C22001290001.

Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems (LAWS),Artificial intelligence (AI),International Humanitarian Law (IHL),Emerging and Disruptive Technologies (EDTs),Autonomous weapons,Human oversight,Autonomous systems

• Other Engineering and Technology Sciences - Engineering and Technology
• Law - Social Sciences
• Political Science - Social Sciences
• Philosophy, Ethics and Religion - Humanities