This research aims to analyze the way in which society and powers perceived and dealt with homosexuality in Portugal between 1912 and 1936. Legal repression, intellectual and scientific discourses and social representation are explored, carrying out a study of discrimination in a broader perspective. The analysis of documentation of diverse origin seeks to identify how theories and discourses influenced and shaped the actions of the centers of power in the new republic. Different political dynamics are taken into account over time, highlighting how changes in the law perpetuated forms of persecution and social control. The transition from criminalization of the act to the individual, the practices of coercion and resocialization, police action, religious influences and the impact of speeches on public opinion are investigated. The objective is to clarify the relationships between repressive discourses and practices, contributing to a broader study of Portuguese social, political and cultural history. Supervisor: Maria João Vaz