Ratios are the prime tool of financial analysis. In predictive modelling tasks, however, the use of ratios raises difficulties, the most obvious being that, in a multivariate setting, there is no guarantee that the collection of ratios eventually selected as predictors will be optimal in any sense. Using, as starting-point, a formal characterisation of cross-sectional accounting numbers, the paper shows how the multilayer perceptron can be trained to create internal representations which are an optimal set of ratios for a given modelling task. Experiments suggest that, when such ratios are utilised as predictors in well-known modelling tasks, performance improves on that reported by the extant literature.

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Knowledge extraction,Financial analysis,Financial ratios,Financial technology,Fintech,Accounting models,Bankruptcy prediction,Financial misstatement detection,Earnings forecasting

• Economics and Business - Social Sciences