Purpose: Although (tele)work is increasingly being adopted and employees’ behavior is recognized to be key for organizational outcomes (e.g., performance), the current literature on counterproductive work behaviors in telework settings is fragmented, and a valid measurement instrument is lacking. This research addresses this gap and starts by presenting a review of the current literature on counterproductive work behavior in flexible work arrangements (i.e., telework). Based on this review, eight categories of work behavior that appear to be frequent under telework settings were identified. Design/Methodology: Next, four studies aimed at developing and validating a measurement instrument that captures employee counterproductive work behavior when teleworking: the Counterproductive [Tele]Work Behavior Scale (CTwBS). Findings: In Study 1, the CTwBS was created, and in Study 2, its factorial validity was examined (N =350). In Study 3, using a sample of teleworkers (N = 289), the convergent and discriminant validity of the CTwBS was tested using self-ratings of (positive and negative) affect, attitudes toward telework, and frequency of counterproductive work behaviors in general. In Study 4, a daily-diary study across five workdays (N=232*5=1,160) examined the criterion validity of the CTwBS. Practical implications: The results indicated that the Counterproductive [Tele]Work Behavior Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for capturing employee counterproductive work behavior in telework settings. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Originality: The CTwBS is the first measure aimed at assessing counterproductive work behavior in telework settings.

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Telework,Counterproductive work behavior,Scale development and validation

• Economics and Business - Social Sciences