The decarbonization of economic sectors remains one of the most pressing challenges for contemporary society. Solar photovoltaic (PV) system, as a scalable and increasingly cost-effective sustainable energy source, plays a pivotal role in advancing the EU-27’s low-carbon transition. Alongside emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Digital Twins (DT), new business models like Energy-as-a-Service (EaaS) are reshaping the energy landscape. This study identifies and analyzes the key strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) influencing solar PV deployment in the EU-27. A systematic literature review (SLR) assesses policy from socio-technological, socio-environmental, and socio-economic perspectives. The findings reveal that regulatory rigidity, fragmented frameworks, limited grid capacity, and underuse of enabling technologies remain significant barriers. In contrast, opportunities lie in adaptive policies, community ownership models, and innovative financial instruments that can foster wider adoption. Socio-environmental challenges, including public misperceptions and land-use conflicts, underline the importance of inclusive and participatory policy design. Overall, this study provides insights to support effective, just, and sustainable energy policies that can advance the EU-27’s green energy transition.

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Solar Photovoltaic (PV),SWOT Analysis,Energy Transition,EU-27,Renewable Energy Policy.